SAP BASIS Online Classes | Introduction to SAP ERP

SAP is the world leader in enterprise applications in terms of software and software-related service revenue. Based on market capitalization, it is the world’s third largest independent software manufacturer supporting all sizes of industries helping them to operate profitability, grow sustainably and stay ahead of the competition in the market.

What is ERP?

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is software that is built to organizations belonging to different industrial sectors, regardless of their size and strength.

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The ERP package is designed to support and integrate almost every functional area of a business process such as procurement of goods and services, sale and distribution, finance, accountings, human resource, manufacturing, production planning (SAP PP), logistics & warehouse management.

Business process integration

Every business, regardless of the industry they belong to, require connected systems with efficient information flow from one business process to another. Business Process Integration (BPI) plays an important role in overcoming integrating challenges that allows organizations to connect systems internally and externally.

Business Process Integration (BPI) allows:

• Automation of business processes,
• Integration of systems and services,
• Secure sharing of data across numerous applications, and
• Automation of management, operational, and supporting process.

The following illustration shows an overview of various business processes running in an enterprise and how they are integrated.

Evolution of ERP

During early phases of development, integrated solutions were designed for particular process areas such as:

Material Management − the integrated system was known as Material Requirement Planning (MRP)

Manufacturing − the integrated system was known as Manufacturing Resource Planning

However none of the integrated systems came with a complete solution for an organization covering major business process areas. In early 1990’s, the Gartner Group first used the acronym ERP. By mid–1990’s, ERP systems addressed all the core enterprise functions.

Functions of ERP

An ERP system typically performs the following functions:

• Supports the integrated business process inside the organization.
• Improves capital planning and helps in executing organizational plans and strategies.
• Helps speed up the decision-making process over the analysis of accurate data.
• Helps extend the business network to wider domains, expanding the products and services to reach more customers, suppliers, and partners.
• Identifies operational risks to improve governance.
• Provides protection against organizational data breaches and security threats to leakage of information.
• Makes the organization adaptable to the rapid changes in the business process according to the needs.
• Gives long-term profit by providing means to increase the customer base.

Functional areas

ERP is a business management software is usually a suite of integrated applications that a company can use to collect, store, manage, and interpret data from many functional areas including:

Financial Accounting − Deals with financial transactions and data.

Human Resource − Deals with information related to employee of an organization.

Customer Relationship Management − Deals with capturing and managing customer’s relationship, facilitating the use of customer experience to evaluate the knowledge database.

Sales and Distribution − Deals with order placement, delivery, shipment and invoicing.

Logistics and Warehouse Management − Deals with storage of products and shipment.

Manufacturing and Material Management − Deals with the production and production planning activities.

Supply Change Management − Deals with the movement of products, storing, managing, and controlling supplies.

Advantages of ERP

By integrating the business processes, the ERP offers the following advantages:

• Saves time and expenses.
• Allows faster decision-making by the management, utilizing the data and reporting tools designed in the systems.
• Single data source and sharing of data among all the units of an organization.
• Helps in tracking every transaction that takes place in an organization, from starting till end.
• Provides synchronized information transfer in between different functional areas such as sales, marketing, finance, manufacturing, human resource, logistics, etc.

Disadvantages of ERP

It is not always easy to incorporate ERP in an organization. ERP suffers from the following drawbacks:

• Sometimes business processes critical to an organization are to be re-engineered to align them with an ERP solution.
• Cost of complex integration can be very high.
• Switching from one ERP solution to another increases the implementation cost even further.
• End-users are to be trained for their daily operations.
• Customization is not preferred.

ERP Packages

Many companies develop and implement various ERP packages according to their budget and requirements to help them meet their business needs and run their business efficiently.

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SAP BASIS Online Tutorial | Remote Function Call in SAP BASIS

What is RFC?

For business applications, it is necessary to communicate and exchange information (in pre-defined formats) with other systems. Hence, there are well defined mechanisms to enable this communication. SAP has also provided us with such mechanism called RFC, which stands for 'Remote Function Call'.

To communicate between SAP systems, there is a need to define a mechanism. One of the most common ways is to define Remote Function Call (RFC Connection) between two systems. By creating a trusted RFC connection between two systems, it allows you to create trusted-trusting relationship between systems wherein, you can communicate and exchange information and data.

There are different types of trusted RFC connections.

A calling interface for ABAP Programs (See SAP ABAP training for more info about ABAP)

A calling interface for Non-SAP programs.

Basis is a set of programs and tools that act as an interface with Database, Operating system, Communication protocols and business applications (such as FI, CO, MM, etc). Full form of BASIS is "Business Application Software Integrated solution". (Develop career with SAP BASIS training by experts).

Functions of the RFC interface:

Converting all parameter data to the representation needed in the remote system.

Calling the communication routines needed to talk to the remote system.

Handling communications errors, and notifying the caller, if desired (using EXCEPTIONS parameter of the CALL FUNCTION).

RFC is a SAP protocol to handle communications between systems to simplify the related programming. It is the process of calling a function module which is residing on a different machine from the caller program. RFCs can be used to call a different program on the same machine as well, but usually, it is used when 'calling' and 'called' function modules/ programs are running on separate machines.

Details about RFC

SAP Uses CPIC (Common Programming Interface for Communication) Protocol to transfer data between Systems. It is SAP Specific protocol. Remote Function Call (RFC) is a communications interface based on CPI-C, but with more functions and easier for application programmers to use.

RFC connections can always be used across the entire system. This means that an RFC connection you have defined in client 000 can also be used from client 100 (without any difference).

RFC is the protocol for calling special subroutines (function modules) over the network. Function modules are comparable with C functions or PASCAL procedures. They have a defined interface through which data, tables and return codes can be exchanged. Function modules are managed in the R/3 System in their own function library, called the Function Builder.

You maintain the parameters for RFC connections using transaction SM59. The R/3 System is also delivered with an RFC-SDK (Software Development Kit) that uses extensive C libraries to allow external programs to be connected to the R/3 System.

The only difference between a remote call of a function module to another server and a local call is a special parameter (destination) that specifies the target server on which the program is to be executed.

RFC Advantages

RFC helps to reduce the efforts of programmers, by letting them avoid the re-development of modules and methods at remote systems. It is capable enough to:

• Convert the data into the format understandable by the remote (target) system.
• Convert the data into the format understandable by the remote (target) system.
• Call up certain routines which are necessary to start communication with the remote system.
• Handle errors that might occur in the process of communication.

Types of RFC

Synchronous

Requires both the systems (client and server) to be available at the time of communication or data transfer. It is the most common type and is required when the result is required immediately after the execution of sRFC.

sRFC is a means of communication between systems where acknowledgments are required. The resources of the Source System wait on the target system and ensure that they deliver the message/data with ACKD. The Data is consistent and reliable for communication.

Used for

For communication between systems

For communication between SAP Web Application Server to SAP GUI

Asynchronous

It is communication between systems where acknowledgments are not required (it is similar to postcard delivery).It doesn't require both the systems to be available at the time of execution and the result is not immediately required to be sent back to the calling system.

The Source System resource does not wait for the target system as they deliver the message/data without waiting for any acknowledgment. It is not reliable for communication since data may be lost if the target system is not available.

Used for

For communication between systems

For parallel processing

Transactional

It is a special form of aRFC. Transactional RFC ensures transaction-like handling of processing steps that were originally autonomous. Transactional RFC is an asynchronous communication method that executes the called function module in the RFC server only once, even if the data is sent multiple times due to some network issue. The remote system need not be available at the time when the RFC client program is executing a tRFC. The tRFC component stores the called RFC function, together with the corresponding data, in the SAP database under a unique transaction ID (TID). tRFC is similar to aRFC as it does not wait at the target system (Similar to a registered post). If the system is not available, it will write the Data into aRFC Tables with a transaction ID (SM58) which is picked by the scheduler RSARFCSE (which runs for every 60 seconds).

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SAP BASIS Training | Introduction to Architecture of SAP BASIS NetWeaver System

SAP NetWeaver is a web-based, open integration, application platform that serves as the foundation for enterprise service-oriented architecture (enterprise SOA) and allows the integration and alignment of people, information, and business processes across business and technology boundaries. It allows the composition, provisioning, and management of SAP and non-SAP applications across a heterogeneous software environment. SAP BASIS training by experienced SAP professional with updated course curriculum from SAP Trainings Online.

The following table defines the Main Use Cases of SAP NetWeaver and its key area:

To implement these use cases, SAP has provided mapping between use cases and SAP NetWeaver software components.

Consider the use case of data warehousing, it has multiple product instances and client tools to use NetWeaver for data warehousing. Learn more from SAP NetWeaver training.

SAP NetWeaver is one of the central components of the entire SAP software stack and provides you a platform for other components and JAVA and ABAP applications. Learn ABAP and its applications see more from SAP ABAP training.

SAP Application server consists of multiple application server instances and also database servers. With use of dialog instance, it also contains message server and an enqueue server.

The following is a dialog instance executed by a user:

These are the different components of the Dialog Instance:

Internal Communication Manager: This is used to process both client and server web requests. It supports protocol – HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP.

Dispatcher: This is used to distribute the user request to different work processes. If all the work processes are busy, requests are stored in the dispatcher queue.

Work Processes: These are used to execute Java or ABAP programs.

SAP Gateway: This provides RFC interface between SAP instances.

Message Server: This is used for message communication and also balances the load in SAP system.

Installation options for SAP NetWeaver

SAP NetWeaver provides the following installation options:

ABAP System: This comes with an integrated VM Container. With this installation, you can run ABAP programs and selected SAP Java applications.

Java System: The components to the right in the above image constitute the Java System. With the installation of this, you can run J2EE applications but not any ABAP programs.

ABAP + Java system: All the components shown in the above image constitute the ABAP + Java System.

Application center and instances

The SAP NetWeaver work center includes the configuration of the following tools:

Adobe Document Services: This allows you to register the Adobe Reader Rights credentials as well as keep track of all unlicensed interactive form designs in your system.

Application Module: This allows you to view the details of the deployed applications and their modules. Here, you can also perform the run-time configuration of the application modules.

Application Resources: This allows you to enable applications to make use of external resources. A NW Administrator can add or delete the application resources.

Authentication and Single Sign-On: This allows you to choose the required authentication mechanism for your applications. You can configure the following authentication and SSO

AS Java as a Service Provider

Kerberos

Certificates and Keys: This allows you to manage the AS Java certificates and keys.

Composite Application Framework Authorization Tool: This allows you to manage business rules and Instance Level Permissions for CAF applications, business object nodes and AS Java instances.

Configuration Wizard: You can make technical settings required for the technical processing of a system or a technical scenario.

Destinations: This can be used to specify the remote service's address and the user authentication information for remote connections.

Development Infrastructure: This is required while developing with Java and you want to manage it with Transport Management System (TMS).

Identity Management: This allows you as an administrator to control applications access by creating users and providing these users with a means of authenticating themselves to an application.

Internationalization: This allows you to manage data from double stack systems and also used for synchronization purpose.

Java HTTP Provider Configuration: You can create new virtual hosts and configure existing ones for all registered systems.

Java Class Loader Viewer: You can monitor the hierarchy and references between the class loaders in the AS Java.

Java System Properties: Using this, you can view current system configuration of Application server JAVA and you can edit the properties that are marked as online modifiable.

JMS Server Configuration: This is used to create new JMS resources.

Licenses: You can request and install new SAP licenses.

Log Configuration: You can view current log configuration, change security or reset it to default.

Message Server: You can monitor message server parameters and settings.

Managing Java instances using NWA

Follow these steps to change the status of Java instances at runtime.

Step 1: Go to SAP NetWeaver Administrator > Operations > Systems > Start & Stop

Step 2: Now, go to Java Instances tab under NWA.

Step 3: You can see all available instances with corresponding information about the server processes within the instance.

Step 4: Select an instance to perform the following functions under NWA.

Start, stop or restart a Java instance.

Enable or disable debug mode for AS Java processes.

View and refresh OS processes.

Clear the DNS cache for a particular instance.

Set a number of server processes (nodes).

SAP NW system landscape

Follow these steps to perform the implementation of SAP NetWeaver system:

Step 1: Plan the implementation by defining the scope, hardware and software requirements, and release instructions.

Step 2: Define the system landscape for the use cases.

Step 3: Install the components of SAP NetWeaver system.

Step 4: Configure SAP NW systems.

System landscape management using SAP solution manager

SAP recommends the use of the latest version of the SAP Solution Manager to manage your system landscape. It is important to correctly define your SAP system landscape in the following versions of SAP Solution Manager to maintain it correctly.

SAP solution manager 7.0

You can use the SAP Solution Manager System Landscape transaction code — SMSY for the complete system description.

SAP solution manager 7.1 SP01 to SP04

You can use the Landscape Management Database transaction code — LMDB to maintain technical system information. To maintain logical product information, you can use the transaction code — SMSY.

SAP solution manager 7.1 SP05 and higher

You can use the Landscape Management Database transaction code — LMDB for the complete system description and in this, transaction code — SMSY is no longer required.

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SAP BASIS Free Demo | SAP BASIS – Managing Transport Routes

A relational database management system (RDBMS): Basis overlaps with many aspects of traditional database administration. A graphical user interface (GUI): The GUI is the interface through which the Basis administrator interacts with SAP systems. A development environment: This is where Basis development takes place. Learn SAP BASIS Training by experts from SAP Trainings Online.

Transport routes are defined as routes that are defined by a SAP Administrator to transmit the changes between different SAP systems.

The following are the two types of transport routes:

Consolidation (From DEV to QAS) — Transport Layers are used

Delivery (From QAS to PRD) — Transport Layers not required

Transport Request

This contains a number of changes to be implemented in the development system. It consists of the types of changes, purpose, change category, target system and other details.

Transport request are named in a standard format like <SID>K<Number>  

For example, in <SID>k<Number>

• SID represents System ID
• K stands for fixed keyword/alphabet
• Number can be anything from a range starting with 900001There are two types of request types that can be created in the SAP system

There are two types of request types that can be created in the SAP system
Workbench request

This request type contains the repository objects and cross-client customizing objects. Workbench requests are used to make changes in the ABAP workbench objects. SAP ABAP training by industry experts from SAP Trainings Online makes you learn practically with real time project.

Customizing request

This request type contains objects that belong to ‘client-specific’ customizing. These requests are created in system automatically when a user performs customizing setting and a target system is automatically assigned as per the transport layer.

To create a Transport Request, use transaction code — SE01

A Transport Request can be created in the following two ways:

Automatic − This way you can create or modify an object, or perform customizing settings. Here, the system displays the 'Dialog box' for creating a transport request or mention name of an already created request, if available.

Manual − This way you can create the transport request from the Transport Organizer, and then enter required attributes and insert objects.

Import or export of objects

Once transport request is completed in the source system, you have to export the request from the source system and import it to the target system. To perform the import, you have to select an import queue.

Transaction STMS → Import or you can go to Overviews tab at the top → Imports

You can see a list of systems in the current domain, description and a number of requests available in Import Queue and the status.

Import a queue

This list contains Transport Requests in the common directory. These requests are ready to be imported to the target system.

To add a request manually, you can go to other requests → Add (you should know the name of Transport request).

Transport request logs

It keeps track of the transport log files that have been moved in a Transport Request.

There are two types of logs available in Transport Management System

Action log

It includes the details of all the actions that have been performed in a Transport Request. Actions such as exports, import, etc.

One of the important functions provided by the logs are the following return codes:

0 − This value represents that export was successful.

4 − This value represents that a warning was issued and the objects were transported successfully.

8 − This value represents that a warning was issued and at least one object could not be transported.

12 or higher − This value represents an error in transport request and it is generally not caused by the objects in Transport Request. This probably occurs because of system failure.

SAP Trainings Online is a unique SAP training platform which provides learners with real time project and case studies included in course content. SAP Trainings Online designed SAP training program based on present day industry requirements which makes the learners future ready and strengthens you to go challenging with industrial demands. We provide training in many countries India, USA, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

Register with us for free demo: www.saptrainingsonline.com/student-registration

For more details visit: www.saptrainingsonline.com

Email: contact@saptrainingsonline.com 

Contact: India +91 9052775398 USA +13152825809