SAP BASIS Online Tutorial | Remote Function Call in SAP BASIS

What is RFC?

For business applications, it is necessary to communicate and exchange information (in pre-defined formats) with other systems. Hence, there are well defined mechanisms to enable this communication. SAP has also provided us with such mechanism called RFC, which stands for 'Remote Function Call'.

To communicate between SAP systems, there is a need to define a mechanism. One of the most common ways is to define Remote Function Call (RFC Connection) between two systems. By creating a trusted RFC connection between two systems, it allows you to create trusted-trusting relationship between systems wherein, you can communicate and exchange information and data.

There are different types of trusted RFC connections.

A calling interface for ABAP Programs (See SAP ABAP training for more info about ABAP)

A calling interface for Non-SAP programs.

Basis is a set of programs and tools that act as an interface with Database, Operating system, Communication protocols and business applications (such as FI, CO, MM, etc). Full form of BASIS is "Business Application Software Integrated solution". (Develop career with SAP BASIS training by experts).

Functions of the RFC interface:

Converting all parameter data to the representation needed in the remote system.

Calling the communication routines needed to talk to the remote system.

Handling communications errors, and notifying the caller, if desired (using EXCEPTIONS parameter of the CALL FUNCTION).

RFC is a SAP protocol to handle communications between systems to simplify the related programming. It is the process of calling a function module which is residing on a different machine from the caller program. RFCs can be used to call a different program on the same machine as well, but usually, it is used when 'calling' and 'called' function modules/ programs are running on separate machines.

Details about RFC

SAP Uses CPIC (Common Programming Interface for Communication) Protocol to transfer data between Systems. It is SAP Specific protocol. Remote Function Call (RFC) is a communications interface based on CPI-C, but with more functions and easier for application programmers to use.

RFC connections can always be used across the entire system. This means that an RFC connection you have defined in client 000 can also be used from client 100 (without any difference).

RFC is the protocol for calling special subroutines (function modules) over the network. Function modules are comparable with C functions or PASCAL procedures. They have a defined interface through which data, tables and return codes can be exchanged. Function modules are managed in the R/3 System in their own function library, called the Function Builder.

You maintain the parameters for RFC connections using transaction SM59. The R/3 System is also delivered with an RFC-SDK (Software Development Kit) that uses extensive C libraries to allow external programs to be connected to the R/3 System.

The only difference between a remote call of a function module to another server and a local call is a special parameter (destination) that specifies the target server on which the program is to be executed.

RFC Advantages

RFC helps to reduce the efforts of programmers, by letting them avoid the re-development of modules and methods at remote systems. It is capable enough to:

• Convert the data into the format understandable by the remote (target) system.
• Convert the data into the format understandable by the remote (target) system.
• Call up certain routines which are necessary to start communication with the remote system.
• Handle errors that might occur in the process of communication.

Types of RFC

Synchronous

Requires both the systems (client and server) to be available at the time of communication or data transfer. It is the most common type and is required when the result is required immediately after the execution of sRFC.

sRFC is a means of communication between systems where acknowledgments are required. The resources of the Source System wait on the target system and ensure that they deliver the message/data with ACKD. The Data is consistent and reliable for communication.

Used for

For communication between systems

For communication between SAP Web Application Server to SAP GUI

Asynchronous

It is communication between systems where acknowledgments are not required (it is similar to postcard delivery).It doesn't require both the systems to be available at the time of execution and the result is not immediately required to be sent back to the calling system.

The Source System resource does not wait for the target system as they deliver the message/data without waiting for any acknowledgment. It is not reliable for communication since data may be lost if the target system is not available.

Used for

For communication between systems

For parallel processing

Transactional

It is a special form of aRFC. Transactional RFC ensures transaction-like handling of processing steps that were originally autonomous. Transactional RFC is an asynchronous communication method that executes the called function module in the RFC server only once, even if the data is sent multiple times due to some network issue. The remote system need not be available at the time when the RFC client program is executing a tRFC. The tRFC component stores the called RFC function, together with the corresponding data, in the SAP database under a unique transaction ID (TID). tRFC is similar to aRFC as it does not wait at the target system (Similar to a registered post). If the system is not available, it will write the Data into aRFC Tables with a transaction ID (SM58) which is picked by the scheduler RSARFCSE (which runs for every 60 seconds).

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SAP BASIS E-Learning | SAP Client Administration

Let us first understand what a client is before we move on to SAP client administration. A client is used in SAP system for multiple login on single instance. You can create multiple clients on a single instance. It also provides data security wherein, one user with one client can’t see the data of the other user with another client. In addition, there is no need to install the software for each and every user. SAP BASIS training by experts from SAP trainings Online makes you too become successful SAP consultant.

Client is defined as a self contained business entities or independent accountable business units in commercial, organizational and technical terms. One client is normally referring to one user of SAP system. Once customer maps to only one client at a time. One user with one client cannot able to see the data of another customer on the other client which provides isolated and security.

There is no need to install separate software’s for each user/customer.

Advantages of client concept:

Client concept comes in with the following advantages:

You can share the same resources between multiple users.

You can manage SAP system landscape as you can create multiple clients for DEV, QA and PROD team.

You can share your SAP system with a large number of users.

You can create clients in SAP system from 000-999.

SAP system comes with the following three standard clients:

000 Client − This is called master client and is available when you install R/3 system.

001 Client − This client is a copy of 000 client including the test company. This client is used to create new clients normally.

066 Client − This is called SAP Early watch and is used for diagnostic scans and monitoring service in SAP system.

Client contains

Application data: Data that are stored in the database tables.

Customizing data: Data created by customers when customizing their systems.

User master record: Defines the authorizations assigned to a user.

Data classification

Data in the database are classified as two types:

Client independent data/cross client data

Client dependent data

Based on these two types, clients have differentiation about the data accessing and displaying.

Client independent data/cross client data:

Data created on any client within the system

Data can be accessible from any client

Data is not specific to any client and it is belonging to all the clients

Ex: screen data, transaction data, repository data and dictionary data.

Client dependent data/Client specific data

Data created on the specific client and can be accessible through same client.

Ex: user data, authorization data, application data

Default Clients

SAP system comes up with three standard default clients.

000-Master client

001-copy of the master client

066-early watch client

000-Master Client

000 clients are available immediately after installing R/3 systems.

Client is called as master client

This client has client independent settings

This client contains test company’s simple organizational structure and includes all applications parameters, settings, configurations and transactions etc.

This client is normally used in business environment

001-copy of master client

Client 001 is called as copy of master client including the test company

Client 001 used to create new clients normally

Client 001 settings are client independent if they are customized or configured.

Client 001 can be customized to move it to the PROD environment

In general, users mostly use 001 client to create a new client

If the client 001 is customized, it won’t behave like master client.

066-early watch client

Client 066 is called as early watch client

Client 066 used to perform early watch service for customer systems

Early watch service is diagnosis and monitoring service for solution monitoring of SAP and non SAP systems.

Early watch service triggers alerts and the alert may contain performance issue, database administration related issues etc,

Client Management Transactions

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Online SAP BASIS Training: SAP BASIS | Selection of SAP GUI

SAP GUI is a client tool which is used to access remote central server and runs on different operating systems like Microsoft Windows, UNIX, Mac, etc. This is used to manage and access SAP applications like SAP ECC and SAP Business Intelligence System. Want to learn Basis by experts see SAP BASIS training for more details.

As mentioned, there are three different GUIs available and we can select the right version based on the requirement. The following scenario can help you find a suitable SAP GUI:

When users are working rarely in the SAP system: Suppose most of the users fall in this category, then it is suggested to use SAP GUI for HTML format. This allows you to save effort and money for client deployment.

When users are working mostly in the SAP system: In a case such as this, SAP GUI for Windows or SAP GUI for Java is recommended.

When users are ABAP developers: For ABAP developers, it is recommended that they use SAP GUI for Windows. SAP ABAP training by SAP Trainings online gives you the best practical methods teaching.

When users use operating systems other than Microsoft: It is recommended they use SAP GUI for Java and HTML or they can use the SAP GUI for Windows on a remote server.

When users are integrating Dynpro transactions to the portal: It is recommended they use SAP GUI for HTML. This allows you to integrate classic Dynpro-based applications into the portal easily.

SAP Instance and SID

A SAP instance is when you install and configure a SAP system. This instance defines a group of resources — memory, processors and other resources in the system. This allows users to login to the SAP system and share the same resources.

SAP instance is managed by CCMS. Users can login to the SAP system using an instance.

A SAP system can consist of one or more instances you can set up a SAP system with a single instance with only one CCMS or you can configure a system with two or more separate instances in client/server environment.

Configuring a SAP Instance

You need to follow these steps to configure a SAP instance:

Step1: You need to define separate directories for UNIX, AS/400, or Microsoft Windows NT server on which the instance is to run.

Step2: You can use shared file system.

Step3: or each instance, there are entries created in operating system configuration files (/etc/services, /etc).

Step4: There are communication entries created in the host.

Step5: For each instance, start and system profiles are created.

Step6: For each instance, operating system users are installed.

Creating an instance for one server

You need to follow these steps to create an instance for one server:

Step1: To create an instance, you should first define the mode of operation.

Step2: To create an instance, go to CCMS > Configuration or use Transaction code RZ04.

Step3: Go to instances/operation modes as shown in shown in the screenshots below.

Step4: To create a new instance, click on create new Instance — (F6) option as in the following screenshot

Step5: Enter the host name and click on current settings. When application server is already running, the system will display the current settings for that instance.

Step6: If the application server is not running, you should use the input help to display the possible entries and fill the below values.

Step7: Enter the host name and choose current settings. If the application server is already running, the system will display the current settings for that instance. However, if the application server is not yet running, you should use the input help to display the possible entries and fill in the fields.

SAP System Number

The SAP System Number is the number that is mentioned when the SAP System is installed.

Start Profile: profile name

Insert the name of the start profile from Profiles to start the instance. You can also click on “choose the input help” to display a list of available start profiles. You can select a profile from the available list.

Instance profile: Profile name

You have to select the name of instance profile from Profiles to run the instance. You can click on “input help” to display a list of available instance profiles.

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